Holika Dahan Meaning & Story What is Holika Dahan? Holika Dahan is a Hindu ritual celebrated on the night before Holi. It involves lighting a sacred bonfire to symbolize the victory of good over evil. This ritual represents the burning of negativity, ego, and evil forces from life. People gather around the fire, offer prayers, and seek blessings for happiness and prosperity. Holika Dahan usually takes place on the full moon night (Purnima) of the Hindu month of Phalguna, one day before Rangwali Holi. Holika Dahan Story The story of Holika Dahan comes from Hindu mythology and is connected to King Hiranyakashipu and his son Prahlad . Hiranyakashipu was a powerful demon king who wanted everyone to worship him as a god. However, his son Prahlad was a devoted follower of Lord Vishnu . This angered the king, and he tried many times to kill Prahlad, but he failed. Finally, he sought help from his sister Holika. Holika had a special boon that made her immune to fire. She sa...
About GPRS
:-
The GPRS protocol is a packet-switched
protocol; Defined for web applications in GSM networks. In other words, the
Internet is standardized as a GPRS network on GSM networks. GPRS has a digital
structure and this structure is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
technology. A TDMA frame has 8 time slots (TS). These can be allocated to TS
users, and a single TS can be shared by many active users for uplink and
downlink purposes.
Various
coding schemes are used to increase the data rate from 9Kbps to 150 kbps per
user and take 0.5 to 1 second. Security features in GPRS are provided by GSM
networks.
GPRS Architecture :-
The Global
System for Mobile Communication (GSM) circuit-switch architecture does not
support the GPRS packet-switch architecture. Thus, GPRS requires its own
network architecture. Many networks and databases e.g.
Mobile
station (MS), base station subsystem (BSS), home location register (HLR),
visitor location register (VLR) in existing GSM networks are modified in GPRS
network.
• Served
GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
• Gateway
GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
• Mobile
Station (MS)
• Base
Station System (BSS)
• Home
Location Register (HLR)
• Visitor
Location Register (VLR)
1.S Creation
of GPRS Support Node (SGSN): In a GPRS network, SGSN is equivalent to MSC.
Packets of data between the MSC and the public switched data network (PSDN) are
transferred and received by the SGSN.
2. Gateway
GPRS Support Node (GGSN): GSM database e.g. HLR and VLR are supported by GGSN.
It also interacts with external packet-switched networks.
3. Mobile station
(MS): MS in GPRS network includes mobile terminal (MT) and terminal equipment
(TE). A computer connected to MT is called ME. Through the air, the MT
communicates with the BSS.
4.Base
Station System (BSS): In BSS, Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station
Controller (BSC) have been modified to support GPRS channel coding schemes, BTS
to Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and Forward The call has been modified. SGSN,
through the Packet Control Unit (PCU), is supported by the BSC. An SGSN is
served by a BSC.
5. Home
Location Register (HLR): In GPRS, HLR contains information about routing. To
map MS to one or more GGSNs, update SGSNs and store Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses, this information is accessed by both SGSNs and GGSNs.
6. Visitor
Location Register (VLR): In GPRS. The VLR includes an SGSN number and this
number indicates the MS currently presented by the SGSN.
GPRS Interfaces: -
• The UM
interface provides communication between MS and BSS.
• The Gb interface provides the connection between BSS and SGSN.
• The Gn interface provides connections between SGSN and GGSN between the same GPRS network.
• The Gp interface provides the relationship between SGSN and GGSN when they are in different GPRS networks.
• The Gi interface provides the connection between the GGSN and the external network.
• The GS interface provides communication between MSC and SGSN.
GPRS Functional Groups: -
• Network
access function: Point to point data transfer, registration of MS with packet
data protocols, radio resources for MS communication and charging information
about packet transmission, is provided by this function.
• Packet Routing and Transfer Function: Routing of data between an MS and a destination, converting GPRS addresses to external addresses and forwarding packets between an MS and a GGSN, is provided by this function.
• Logical link management function: The communication between an MS and GSM network is maintained by it.
• Radio resource management function: Radio communication paths are assigned by it.
• Mobility management functions: the current location of an MS is maintained by it. When MS enters a new region, all routes and locations in the structures are also updated by it.
• Network management function: If provides mechanisms to support network functions related to GPRS.
Advantage:
-
• The major advantage of GPRS is that, dial-up connection is not required to access the data.
• It is an inexpensive mobile data service compared to Short Message Service (SMS) in GSM.
Note : เคฏเคฆि เคเคช GPRS เคे เคฌाเคฐे เคฎें เคนिंเคฆी เคฎें เคाเคจเคจा เคाเคนเคคे เคน เคคो เคจीเคे เคฆिเค เคเคฏे เคฒिंเค เคชเคฐ Click เคเคฐे |
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